This is done through enforcement of the public health amendment law 2012 act 851, which states that salts for human and animal cosumption must be iodised. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders idds constitute a significant public health problem globally. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal thyroid function, growth, and development. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme launch of national goitre control programme, 1962 objectives. Iodine deficiency disorder is a threat to social and economic development of a country. Policy on the recommendations of central council of health in 1984, the government took policy decision with the goal of universal iodization of salt by 1992 and starting of salt department in the ministry of. Iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india article pdf available in the indian journal of medical research 83. The goal in the prevention of idds is universal salt iodization usi. The programme also trains salt producers on effective ways of iodising salt.
Pdf iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india. Iodine deficiency disorder control programme iddcp. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. It presents methods for monitoring iodine status and determining urinary iodine and provides guidelines on the procedures for monitoring salt iodine content, whether at the factory, importation site, or household level. Iodine is not a major public health problem for developed countries.
Civil society and international agencies such as global alliance for improved nutrition gain, international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd, micronutrient initiative mi, unicef, world food programme wfp and who have not only acted as important partners for idd control initiatives in the country, but also as vocal advocates for reinstatement of the ban on the scale of noniodized. Iodine deficiency is rare in the united states today, and this is largely due to the effectiveness of iodization in the general food supply. Iodine deficiency early in life impairs cognition and growth, but iodine status is also a key determinant of thyroid disorders in adults. Iodine deficiency disorder definition of iodine deficiency. These disorders include stillbirths, abortions, and congenital anomalies. In 1992, the ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme nhm. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme gktoday. These studies have been carried out since the end of the 1960s. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150 microgram for normal growth and development. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in southeast asia. Unicef has reported that kiwanisraised funds are now at work in more than 89 nations and more than 80 million children in the developing world will be born free of iodine deficiency disorder this year. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in southeast asia report of an expert consultative meeting bangkok, thailand, 2526 june 2007 supplemented with recommendations made by the joint health secretaries consultative committee for programme development and management meeting 26 july 2007 to the sixtieth session of the. Although the effect of these types of diets on overall nutrition status and certain micronutrients has.
This chapter provides a global overview of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme status. Iodine deficiency disorders idd result from inadequate thyroid hormone production due to inadequate iodine intake. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodinedeficiency disorders. The programme focusses on the promotion of iodised salt consumption to eliminate idds which are prevalent in ghana. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment.
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. But a lack of iodine can cause an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter, and other thyroid problems. National program on elimination of iodine deficiency disorder. Due to glaciations, flooding, rivers changing course and deforestation the iodine present in top soil is constantly leached. Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism from voluntary diet. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at 100150 micrograms for normal human growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders are a group of diseases starting from a visible goitre in the neck to many physical and mental disorder like dwarfness, cretin, squint, abortion, stillbirths and impaired mental functions. Iodine deficiency is the single largest cause of preventable brain damage globally. Monitoring and evaluation are the last phases of a national iodine deficiency disorders idd control program but among the most important.
Activities and achievements in the elimination of iodine. A successful public health programme idd control programme in india has been a public health success story. Ppt iodine deficiency disorders powerpoint presentation. This in turn leads to deficiency of iodine in crops grown on iodine deficient soil with consequently low iodine in the diet for livestock and humans. Global iodine deficiency disorders idd prevention day or world iodine. Iodine deficiency disorders idd fetal iodine deficiency abortion stillbirth congenital defects mental retardation paraplegia deafmutism dwarfism psychomotor defects cretinism infant mortality neonatal id neonatal goiter hypothyroidism too little thyroid hormone infant mortality b hetzel lancet 1983. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme salt. Reduce the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders below 10 percent in the entire country by 2012 a.
Pdf national iodine deficiency disorders control programme. In india, the entire population is prone to idds due. World status of monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp. Iodine deficiency disorders idd are linked to iodine deficient soil. The term iodine deficiency disorders idd was coined and idd was repositioned as a spectrum of related disorders affecting 1.
Aug 31, 2012 salt iodization is mandatory at the level of 2060 ppm. It was estimated to be the leading cause of preventable mental retardation around the world. Iodine deficiency can lead to a variety of health and developmental consequences known as iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is sparsely distributed in the earths surface. These disorders result from a diet low in iodine, which is particularly damaging during early pregnancy because it retards foetal development, especially brain development, causing a range of intellectual, motor and hearing deficits. Thyroid hormone regulates basic metabolism energy consumption, cellular activity, growth and in particular brain development. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders from the. National iodine deficiency disorder control program, goi. When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal. To reduce the incidence of idd to less than 10 % among adults 23. Iodine deficiency disorders idds are a worldwide major public health problem. Iodine deficiency is the single greatest cause of preventable men. Iodine deficiency is an important global health issue, especially for fertile and pregnant. The iodine deficiency disorders thyroid disease manager.
Oct 14, 2017 severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis andor thyroid enlargement goiter. National iodine deficiency disease control programme. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme india. Figure 1 shows the infrastructure of a typical national idd elimination programme. Recent trends among specific populations of children in the united states include adopting food restrictions, such caseinfree and glutenfree diets. In 1992, the national goiter control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp.
Administration of large amounts of iodine through medications i. Historically, iodine deficiency disorders affected most countries of the americas. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual impairment and is associated with a spectrum of neurological and developmental pathology. Iodine deficiency disorders 1 iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders idds include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion, stillbirth, brain damage, learning disabilities, mental retardation, psychomotor defects, hearing. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme is implemented from the year 1991. Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders idds, include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders who emro world. When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal and infant mortality. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their. Global iodine deficiency disorders prevention day national.
Biological impact assessment study on salt iodisation programme in ghana jirapa and bongo sentinel districts. Severe iodine deficiency causes goitre and hypothyroidism because, despite an increase in thyroid activity to maximise iodine uptake and recycling in this setting, iodine concentrations are still too low to enable production of thyroid hormone. Until the 1990s tgp was the recommended indicator for assessing iodine status. As a result, iodine deficiency disorders idds have been exceedingly common in most populations hetzel, 1989b.
On a worldwide basis, iodine deficiency is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage. Despite the passing of new legislation in 2011 under the national nutrition programme and subsequent increase in the availability of iodized. It is estimated that 2 billion individuals worldwide have insufficient iodine intake. Iodine deficiency disorders among primary school children in eastern nepal article pdf available in the indian journal of pediatrics 781. Iodine deficiency is a public health problem if prevalence of goiter is greater than 5% c. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme. The who global database on iodine deficiency is therefore being revised and updated to reflect the current situation of iodine deficiency worldwide. The national iodine deficiency disorder control programme is implemented in the state from 1991 and the state idd cell started functioning from 1. Total ban for selling non iodised salt for edible purposes is in force from 1. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders sciencedirect.
In the damaged brain of iodine deficiency cognitive behavioral, neuromotor, educative aspects. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy, which may be present in some women in the united states, may be associated with low intelligence in children. Special emphasis will be put on recent developments such as the role of iodine deficiency in the development of brain damage and mental retardation, assessment of the iodine status of a population and current worldwide epidemiological data, strategies for control and monitoring of the iodine deficiency. Global iodine deficiency disorders idd prevention day or world iodine deficiency day is observed every year on 21st october. Community monitoring of the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme in the national capital region of delhi article pdf available in public health nutrition 145. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems. The national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp is implemented in order to prevent, control and eliminate these disorders and to provide assistance to the states for setting up idd cell and idd monitoring laboratories for ensuring quality control of iodated salt and for monitoring urinary iodine. Iodine is a trace mineral required for optimal mental and physical development and is a key constituent of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency disorders in the eastern mediterranean region despite the high prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders idd in many countries of the unicef middle east and north africa region and the who eastern mediterranean region, iodine deficiency was not recognized as a serious public health problem until 1987. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development.
To identify the problem districts through goitre surveys. General english only international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders id united nations childrens fund d this document is intended primarily for managers of national programmes for the. Today, the number of households estimated to be consuming iodized salt has jumped dramatically from 20 percent in 1990 to more than 70 percent. Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency in. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp introduction. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as iodine deficiency disorders idds. How you can prevent an iodine deficiency best sources of iodine. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150. Proceedings for the national workshop on iodine deficiency disorders in ghana. It sets out principles governing the use of surveillance indicators in implementing interventions to prevent, control, and monitor iodine deficiency disorders idd. To assess the impact of goitre control measures over a period of time.
This can cause a visible lump, called a goiter, to form on your neck. Roundtableeliminatingiodinedeficiencydisorderstheroleoftheinternationalcouncilintheglobalpartnershipbasils. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme introduction iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. Iodine deficiency disorder idd control programme in india. But now, the american continent is celebrating the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, a remarkable achievement highlighted at the micronutrient forum global conference in cancun, mexico, on oct 2428, 2016. Disorders resulting from severe iodine deficiency affect more than 400 million people in asia alone.
Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can result in thyroid disease. Iodine deficiency disorders idd and their attendant effects on human development, perinatal mortality and intellectual dysfunction are a major nutrition and public health problem worldwide, with ethiopia counted among the top iodine deficient countries. Sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency unicef. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. Iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination a guide for programme managers second edition whonhd01. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. The term iodine deficiency disorders refers to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency, which depend on its severity and the age of the affected subject. Its daily per capita requirement is 150 micrograms. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992, it is renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control program. Evolution of iodine deficiency disorders control program in. The importance of iodine deficiency disorders idd iodine deficiency, through its effects on the developing brain, has condemned millions of people to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment.
However, goitre responds slowly to a change in iodine status and today urinary iodine ui preface v preface. This changing view allowed iodine deficiency and goiter to be repositioned in the development perspective. In august 1992, the national goitre control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp with a view to emphasise wide spectrum disorders caused due to iodine deficiency. The agency that is responsible for addressing idd is the nutrition section, child health division, of the department of health services under the mohp. Programs must take into account possible losses between point of manufacture or import and the consumers table. Volume 23 number 1 february 2007 international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders the international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders icciddis a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization dedicated to sustained optimal iodine nutrition and the elimination of iodine deficiency throughout the world. Iodine deficiency disorders idds include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion. Thyroid hormone controls your metabolism and other important body functions. Iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india ncbi nih.
Research on iodine deficiency and goiter in the 19th and. India, iodine deficiency disorders, iodized salt, national iodine deficiency disorders control programme, sustainable elimination. Control programmes through fortification of salt with iodine compounds have been implemented, usually following legislation, in more than 50. The papers were presented at the inaugural meeting of the international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd held in kathmandu. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr. Losses may vary among the forms of iodine used iodide vs. The programme is monitored by the deputy director health services situated in the directorate of health services, mumbai. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme. Any conditioneg, cretinism and brain damage, goiter, or hypothyroidism, attributable to iodine deficiency and corrected by adequate dietary iodine. Low levels of iodine are not the only cause of low thyroid function.
Antit 4 antiserum required for highly sensitive t 4 assay was raised in rabbits. The iodine deficiency disorders endotext ncbi bookshelf. Iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention in india. Hypothyroidism slow, cold, sluggish brain function, short stature, mental and motor. Extensively referenced, it includes data on dietary sources of iodine, goitrogens, the effects of iodine deficiency throughout the lifecycle, the pathophysiology of iodine deficiency, as well as strategies for control and monitoring of the iodine deficiency disorders, such as iodized salt and iodized oil. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders among primary school. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders unscn. All people residing in endemic and non endemic areas for idd.
In mongolia, the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorder hereinafter referred to as idd has been calculated by identifying persons, primarily children, with enlarged thyroid glands. Global iodine deficiency disorders prevention day national health. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr national. Iodine is an essential component in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Iodine deficiency disorder control programme, 1986 objective. Deficiency of iodine in the diet may result in the development of goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders idd including physical and mental retardation and endemic cretinism. To less than 5 % among children 10 to 14 yrs to zero % of cretins among the newborns by the year 2000. Jan 04, 2017 national iodine deficiency disorders control program 100% centrally sponsored programme, launched in 1992. Declaration of the world summit for children includes goal of virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the world.
To promote consumption of iodised salt through various activities. Jun 14, 2017 signs and symptoms of iodine deficiency include. A metaanalysis of research on iodine and its relationship to cognitive development. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodine deficiency disorders. To target achieving usi in india, the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp was launched in 1992, reflecting the.
Iddcp is a part of the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme which was launched in the state in december 1989. These disorders were highly prevalent in the united states prior to the introduction of iodine. May 26, 20 the government is implementing national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp formerly known as the national goiter control programme ngcp since 1962. Iodine is an essential micronutrient with an average daily at 100150 micrograms for normal human growth and development. Deficiency of iodine may cause following disorders. Constant monitoring and evaluation are an essential part of any idd elimination programme. Seaweed is one of the best food sources of iodine, but its highly variable in its content.
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