Seven subclusters of the western ghats in the states of kerala, tamil nadu. Welcome to the lush western ghats, some of the most precious heat relief in india. Towards the eastern side the ghats merge with the deccan plateau which gradually slopes towards the bay of bengal. The western ghats is a narrow strip, stretching, approximately from bombay city in the north to trivandrum in the south. There are unjustified human interventions in natural. Keywords endemism, evergreen forest trees, india, sexual systems, western. Their positioning makes the western ghats biologically rich and biogeographically unique a veritable treasure house of biodiversity. The entire western ghats biogeographic region is a major genetic estate with an enormous biodiversity of ancient lineage.
The western ghats is the home of wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, reserve forests, several hill stations, cities, waterfalls and lakes. Kodagu western ghats, india, we discuss how a gi can be successfully used by local producers and what conditions are needed for it to have a positive impact on the landscape and its associated biodiversity. Dams and hydroelectric projects construced in the western ghat watershed basins. Geographical indications and biodiversity in the western. Important facts on western and eastern ghats of india are given below.
The western ghats are a major physiographic region of india. No file limit, no ad watermarks a free and beautiful tool to combine your pdf files exactly the way you want it. Its extent is about 1600 km, from the tapi valley in the north up to kanniyakumari in the south. Aug 04, 2016 discover the western ghats in tamil nadu. March in 198788 in the northern sector of western ghats. The distribution and magnitude of the biodiversity that exists today is a product of over 3. The western ghats is a mega biodiversity region, with varied flora. They are running in the northsouth direction and form the western edge of the deccan plateau. Indias western ghats is one of 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world and is home to the kudremukh national park, an area characterized by rich evergreen forest and significant populations of endangered species, including the liontailed macaque and tiger. The conclave marked 25 years of the save the western ghats march of 198788 which was a pioneering environment movement in the western ghats. This range runs north to south along the western edge of the deccan plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian sea. This section is meant to discuss about the flora and fauna of the ghats, not forts of the marathas. The western ghat zone is an area of spectacular scenery, rugged terrain, deep valleys, impressive waterfalls, and dense forest teeming with wildlife.
It is a unesco world heritage site and is one of the eight. The western ghats is internationally recognized for its biological diversity that nurtures an impressive collection of indian wildlife. Some useful facts on the western and eastern ghats of india. Schematic presentation of eastern ghats and some important localities surveyed for lichen collection in the present study. Though covering an area of 180,000km 2, or just under 6 per cent of the land area of india, the western ghats contain more than 30 per cent of all plant, fish, herpetofauna, bird, and mammal species found in india. Western ghats tourism best tourism in pollachi tamil nadu. From this point radiate three rangesthe anaimalai to the north, the palni to the northeast, and the cardamom hills to the south. Jan 12, 2015 the western ghats is the home for about 50 million people belonging to the six states of the country. The western ghats of india harbors a rich diversity of amphibians with more. Pdf the western ghats is a mega biodiversity region, with varied flora. Exotic products of western ghats is carried to outside india through the silk route and arabian sea from ancient time onwards.
The data deficiency is prominent in the case of cryptogams, especially lichens. Therefore, it is required to bring the information in various sources into one roof. Parambikulam tiger reserve, topslip, aaliyar, valparai and athirappalli falls, known for the calm, natural, scenic beauty is covered under different packages. Western ghats are chains of hills that run along western edge of peninsular india. Why india must protect the western ghats from getting lost. Ghats region of the western ghats and sri lanka biodiversity hotspot. Pdf merge combinejoin pdf files online for free soda pdf.
The life supporting and biodiversity rich ecosystems of western ghats are threatened today due to habitat pressures. These hills cover 160000 km2 62000 sq mi and form the catchment area for complex riverine drainage systems that drain almost 40% of india. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. The western ghats 43 heavy precipitation, coupled with the steep westward slopes of the ghats has rendered this as an ideal location for the generation of hydroelectric power. Western ghats project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. The western ghats is an evolutionary ecotone illustrating out of africa and out of asia hypotheses on species dispersal and vicariance. Covering only 5% of indias land surface, ghatss harbour more than 4000 including 1800 endemic plant species. Gadgil report marked out 60 percent of the western ghats as the highestpriority ecologically sensitive zone esz 1. The natural beauty of the mountain range is unrivalled. When we think of the western ghats, we often think of kerala or karnataka, maharashtra or goa however many forget that some of the most popular hill stations and forests in tamil nadu are part of this bio diversity hotspot and unesco world heritage site. Endemic asian chytrid strain infection in threatened and endemic.
The state of keralagods own country, part of the western ghats in india is blossomed with a lot of aquatic ecosystems and vegetation. Jan 18, 2016 further south, the eastern ghats merge with the western ghats. The isolation of the western ghats changed during the british period when large areas of virgin tropical forest were cleared for tea, coffee and spice gardens. Besides there are large reserves of slate, shale, sandstones. Neighbor joining tree was constructed using mega version 5 40.
The range starts near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, south of the tapti river, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of maharashtra, goa, karnataka. Serial nomination of the western ghats of india unesco world. Yet, the western ghats had fewer species than other tropical and neotropical forests. Pdf western ghats is one of the unique biodiversity niches, with varied flora, fauna and landscapes. Older than the himalaya mountains, the mountain chain of the western ghats represents geomorphic features of immense importance with unique biophysical and ecological processes.
Western ghats tourism offers you package tours with appealing itinery that covers the western ghats area of tamil nadu and kerala. Western ghats india the western ghats are a chain of low mountains running 1,600 kilometres parallel to indias western coast from gujarat to southern kerala between 3050 kilometres inland. There are about major 50 dams along the length of the western ghats with the earliest project up in 1900 near khopoli in maharashtra. The western ghats are divided in to several hill ranges, such as the sahyadris, nilgiris, anaimalai hills. Feb 04, 2012 an example is the road that connects pune from the deccan plateau to mahad on the coast via the western ghats in mulshi taluka of pune district, effectively fragmenting the forests of the western ghats in this region. The proportion of endemics in the ensembles of the western ghats ranged from 34% ensemble iv to 14% ensemble i. Celebrations and convergence for conservation in western ghats. The limited knowledge on the varied use of the medicinal plants, their availability and extent of distribution weakens the ways to utilize these resources efficiently. These are comparatively slower moving and eventually merge into larger. It is the source of water for the entire peninsular india, and also influences the monsoons. The western ghats, also known as sahyadri benevolent mountains, are a mountain range.
Patel for her immediate financial support to this pilot visit to 10 villages from northern western ghats to develop a long term plan for visiting other areas both in the northern as well as southern western ghats. These hills cover an area of about 160,000 sq km starting. In this synthesis chapter we combine all the data sets from. In particular, the level of endemicity for some of the 45,000. Report of the western ghats ecology expert panel pdf. Unesco world heritage site 2012, western ghats, example represents significant ongoing ecological and biological processes, significant natural habitats for insitu conservation of biological diversity. The western ghats extend from the satpura range in the north, go south past maharashtra, goa, through karnataka and into kerala and tamil nadu. The western ghats or sahyadri runs north to south along the western edge of the deccan plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian s. A look at some of the main recommendations of the gadgil report, how these were substantially relaxed by a subsequent committee led by space scientist k kasturirangan, and whether implementation of the first report would have made any difference to the kerala crisis. Western ghats with its species diversity is a treasure house of different kinds medicinal plants.
They have some of the finest nonequatorial tropical evergreen forests in the world with very high levels of speciation. The delegates came in from all the western ghats states and worked on a crosssection of issues concerning the ecology of the western ghats. They receive high rain fall due to their proximity to ocean and through orographic effect. A list of places in the western ghats parts of the karnataka. Located in the western ghats range, it rises to 8,842 feet 2,695 metres and is peninsular indias highest peak. Gadgils western ghats western ghats landscape across 1,29,037 sq km. This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in southern india. Though the western ghats have shrunk by 25% over the past two decades, the environment. Watershed mapping and land cover classification in indias western ghats. Nilgiri langur, lion tailed macaque, nilgiri tahr, malabar grey. The western ghats run parallel to the west coast of india for about 1600 kms in north.
The western ghats is the home for about 50 million people belonging to the six states of the country. There are about major 50 dams along the length of the western ghats with the earliest. An example is the road that connects pune from the deccan plateau to mahad on the coast via the western ghats in mulshi taluka of pune district, effectively fragmenting the forests of the western ghats in this region. Celebrations and convergence for conservation in western. The western ghats, western ghauts or the sahyadri constitute a mountain range along the western side of india. Why india must protect the western ghats from getting lost it could become a model for the entire country. Natural resource management in indias western ghats clark labs. Western ghats is a unique mountain system caressing five states in india covers approximately 1,60,000 sq km and runs nearly 1600 km. The development of the tropical rain forests in the southern western ghats and the sholas in the nilgiris region are the most outstanding features of western ghats. Western ghats receives an average of 3000 mm rainfall per annum and is a treasure house of exotic varieties of plants, a god given blessing to humanity. Western ghats, enchanting kerala, kerala tourism kerala tourism.
Eastern ghats biodiversity reserves with unexplored. The western ghats or sahyadri runs north to south along the western edge of the deccan plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian sea. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine two or more documents into a single pdf file for free. Land use c has undergone drastic changes over the last 30. As in other parts of india, the western ghats too are threatened by development projects. They have some of the finest nonequatorial tropical evergreen forests. Western ghats free pdf download art and culture studyiq. Please clean up this section with relevantinforamtion.
Endemism and sexual systems in the evergreen tree flora of. Western ghats gallery unesco world heritage centre. The western ghats lies with the sahyadri mountains ranges along the western side of india and separates the deccan plateau from a narrow coastal plain of the arabian sea. Mar 18, 2020 the state of keralagods own country, part of the western ghats in india is blossomed with a lot of aquatic ecosystems and vegetation. The western ghat escarpment is one of the classic examples of passive margin great escarpments in the world. The temporal and geological dimensions of the western ghats make it a significant study world over. Gadgil report and kasturirangan report on western ghats. Figure 1 kodagu district a is located in the western ghats of india b. Further south, the eastern ghats merge with the western ghats. The beautiful green valley is home to thousands of wild animal species including at least 325 globally threatened speci. The western ghats travel tamil nadu, india lonely planet. This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in. S retd this book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. Eastern ghats biodiversity reserves with unexplored lichen.
Forest trees of the western ghats authored by neginhal s. Rising like an impassable bulwark of evergreen and deciduous tangle, from north of mumbai to the tip of tamil nadu, the world heritagelisted ghats with an average elevation of 915m contain 27% of indias. But now most of the water bodies are under threat due to. The western ghats is a mega biodiversity region, with varied flora, fauna and landscapes. Flowering plants of the western ghats efloraofindia. The western ghats contain exceptional levels of plant and animal diversity and endemicity for a continental area. Major gaps in the range are the goa gap, between the maharashtra and karnataka sections, and the palghat gap on the tamil nadu and kerala border between the nilgiri hills and the anaimalai hills.
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